Compensation of the impact of low-cost manufacturing techniques in the design of E-plane multiport waveguide junctions

In this work, a full-wave tool for the accurate analysis and design of compensated E-plane multiport junctions is proposed. The implemented tool is capable of evaluating the undesired effects related to the use of low-cost manufacturing techniques, which are mostly due to the introduction of rounded corners in the cross section of the rectangular waveguides of the device. The obtained results show that, although stringent mechanical effects are imposed, it is possible to compensate for the impact of the cited low-cost manufacturing techniques by redesigning the matching elements considered in the original device. Several new designs concerning a great variety of E-plane components (such as right-angled bends, T-junctions and magic-Ts) are presented, and useful design guidelines are provided. The implemented tool, which is mainly based on the boundary integral-resonant mode expansion technique, has been successfully validated by comparing the obtained results to simulated data provided by a commercial software based on the finite element method.All the data necessary to understand, evaluate, replicate, and generate the figures and results presented in this paper have been included in the present manuscript. A full-wave custom code and the commercial software Ansys HFSS have been used to generate the simulated results provided by the authors. This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spanish Government, under the Research Projects TEC2013-47037-C5-1-R and TEC2013-47037-C5-4-R.San Blas Oltra, ÁA.; Roca, JM.; Cogollos Borras, S.; Morro, JV.; Boria Esbert, VE.; Gimeno Martinez, B. (2016). Compensation of the impact of low-cost manufacturing techniques in the design of E-plane multiport waveguide junctions. Radio Science. 51(6):619-628. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RS006027S61962851

Study the Possibility of Using the Electrolyte Leakage Index for Evaluation of Cold Tolerance in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Cultivars

Abstract In order to evaluate the electrolyte leakage as an indicator for cold injury in eight sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars including Rasoul, Shirin, IC, 7233 (national cultivars), Afshari, Paolina, Rhizofort and Laetitia (foreign cultivars), a trial carried out at Crop Physiology Lab. of Agriculture College of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2006. In this study beet cultivars, with 8 freezing temperatures (0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10, -12 and -16 °C) as a complete randomized design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. Plants were kept until 4-5 leaf stage in natural environment, then transferred to the thermogradient freezer. The cell membrane stability of beet cultivars was measured through electrolyte leakage and the lethal temperature 50 (LT50) of leaf samples based on electrolyte leakage percent also were determined. Results showed that there were significant differences (p≤0.01) among freezing temperatures and cultivars for electrolyte leakage and LT50. As temperature decreased below -4 °C, electrolyte leakage of all genotypes were increased. Among beet cultivars, IC cultivar had the highest, and 7233 cultivar had the lowest cold tolerance according to the LT50. Also in grouping sugar beet as local and foreign cultivars, there were no significant different in electrolyte leakage among cultivars. According to the high correlation between electrolyte leakage percent and LT50 (r= -0.81), it seems that using this index for evaluation of freezing tolerance injury in sugar beet could be useful. Keywords: Cytoplasmic membran, Freezing, LT5

Second-harmonic generation in longitudinal epsilon-near-zero materials

We investigate second-harmonic generation from anisotropic or longitudinal epsilon-near-zero materials. We find conversion efficiencies well above their isotropic counterparts owing to additional field intensity enhancement provided by the anisotropy. At the same time, anisotropic epsilon-near-zero materials are also less sensitive to the material's losses compared to the isotropic ones. In turn, these improvements become pivotal for epsilon-near-zero materials that do not possess bulk dipole-allowed quadratic nonlinearities. We predict that second-harmonic generation from a Dy:CdO/Si multilayer with longitudinal epsilon-near-zero properties can exceed the conversion efficiency of a homogeneous Dy:CdO slab of equivalent thickness by at least 20 times for almost any angle of incidence